Different Types of Expansion Joints in Bridge Construction

Expansion joints of bridges are provided to retain continuity among two segments of the structures which remain in relative moments due to thermal deformation, creep, shrinkage and displacement/deflection of the structures against traffic load.

Expansion joints should have the ability to adapt all movements of the deck slab.

Types of expansion joint depending on movement

Small movement joints – Adapt total motion up to 45 mm.

Medium movement joints – Adapt total motion up to 45 mm to 130 mm.

Large movement joints – Adapt total motion surpassing 130 mm.

Type of small movement joint (On the basis of construction)

Sliding plate joints – They are useful for short and medium span bridges. These joints are structurally easy and inexpensive in cost.

Compression seal joints – These seals are flexible and considerably economical and easy to replace.

Asphaltic Plug Joints – They arrange smooth roadway surface for traffic. They have good resistant capacity against water and snow. No debris is accumulated at the top of the joint.

Poured Sealant Joints – It is user-friendly and self leveling. It can be set in quickest possible time and it is ideal for rehabilitation or repair project. It exposes good elastic properties over an extensive range of temperature deviation.

Also Read: Download Bridge Slab Spreadsheet

Type of medium movement joint (On the basis of construction)

Strip seal joints – If the strip seals are installed perfectly, they considerably provide superior performance. Damage seals are easily substituted with least traffic disruptions.

Finger plate joints – It can adapt all the structural movements both horizontally and vertically. They are suitable for medium & long span bridges. They contain a superior riding quality devoid of any risks to any road users.

Silent and skid & vibration free in operation. Inspection, maintenance, repair or substitution can be done easily.

Type of large movement joint

Bolt-down panel joints – They are fabricated in dissimilar widths proportional to the total permissible movement range.

Modular Elastomeric seal joints – These joints offer water resistant and vehicular load transfer over wide expansion joint openings and performance of these joints at several locations is satisfying.